) ( C G C No. 645,576. (No Model.) N. TESLA. SYSTEM OF TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY. (Application Aled Bept. 2, 1897.) B C WITNESSES Duury M. Corker M. Lawson fyrr Patented Mar. 20, 1900. M D' L
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Nikola Tesla Patents
Tesla was granted nearly 200 patents worldwide
120 Patent No. 64x576 Nikola Tesla County of State of - Invention Sijotem of Transmission of Electrical Energy Sept, 2., 1807Parts of application filed, New York New Yorking Petition Affidavit
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1897 CONTENTS: Application papers. Dooj 21 1o. Augendt A Afficerit - 199 s letter to Affice Decr. 97 4. Salle Dec 101274 6. Reg. For Recond. Hos 13-1528. 17. ha 28 98 Rejacted.... 3. Siek. Poss of
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122 Room No... Dict. communications should be addressed to "The Commixionar of Patents, Washington, D. C." Nikola Tesla, 2-071 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, ward UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE, c/o Kerr
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Room 91. In the matter of the application of Nikola Tesla, No. 650, 343, filed September 2, 1897, Transmission of Electrical Energy. Hon. Commissioner of Patents, Sir:- New York, October 14, 1897. In
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124 ? 7 12 20 The invention which forms the subject of the present application comprises a novel method or system for the transmission of electrical energy without the employment of metallic line
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13 sures of the magnitude and character which I have made it possible to produce, the ordinary atmosphere becomes, in a measure, capable of serving as a true conductor for the transmission of the
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126 elevation to receive the current and to convey it to earth through suitable means for transforming and utilizing it. "The apparatus which I have invented, and by means 1 of which this method of
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A constitutes the primary and the short coil c' the secondary of the transformer. In the circuit of the latter are arranged lamps L, motors M, or other devices for utilizing the current. The elevated
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128 for frymay potential, impracticable with ordinary coils, may be successfully obtai ned! "As the main object of the invention is to produce. a current of extremely high potential, this object will
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"As to the elevation of the terminals D, D', it is obvious that this is a matter which will be determined. not only by the condition of the atmosphere, but also by the character of the surrounding
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130 file a sworn copy of an extract from his well known lecture and an affidavit from the applicant himself. With discussion of the Marconi patent it may be stated merely that it is certain that in
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T Room 91. In the matter of the application of Nikola Tesla, No. 650,343, filed September 2, 1897, System of Transmission of Electrical Energy. State of New York, City and County of New York. ) ) : ss
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132 and that it is a true copy of portions of pages 74, 75, Nikole Tesla 76, 77 and 78 thereof. Subscribed and sworn to before me ) 13 : jitt this day of Achter, 1897. M. Lawson fyrr. holary, Publie
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T T 1 EXHIBIT "A". In connection with resonance effects and the problem of transmission of energy over a single conductcr, which was previously considered, I would say a few words on a subject which
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134 ? of such a scheme? We now know that electric vibration may be transmitted through a single conductor. Why, then, not try to avail ourselves of the earth for this purpose? We need not be
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acquire this necessary knowledge, but there is hope that we may, and that is by means of electrical resonance. If ever we can ascertain at what period the earth's charge, when disturbed, oscillates
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136 tain such rapid vibrations. But whether this be possible or not, and whether the earth contains a charge or not, and whatever may be its pericd of vibration, it certainly is possible for of this
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erator or source, S, will set up the same electrical movement as though its circuit were closed. Thus it is certainly practicable to impress an electric vibration, at least of a certain low period
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138 But electrical oscillator located at a central point. the practical solution of this problem would be of incomparably smaller benefit to man than the realization of the scheme of transmitting
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Room No.91....Dict. communications should be cddressed to "The Commissioner of Patanis, Washington, D. C." Nikola Tesla, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, 2-07 a c/o Kerr, Curtis & Page, 120 Broadway
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140 650,343. Sheet 2. high enough so that the rarefaction of the air at the higher level will be appreciable, it is manifestly incumbent on him to describe some specific devices by which he may attain
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650,343. Sheet 3. pressure in applicant's case than they were wound to produce in Edison, A certain electrical effect is propagated in Edison and is propagated in the invention of this application
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142 650, 343. Sheet 4. foundation had been made for them in the cl atma, he prefers to suspend action on the claims and to give the applicant an opportunity to more fully explain his invention and its
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) Mr. Parker W. Page, Dear Sir:- 120 Broadway, New York City. New York, Nov. 15th, 1897. In compliance with the request expressed in your letter of Nov. 9th, which, with copy of the communication of
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144 titudes. Moreover, balloons with recording instruments have been sent up to heights of over 15 000 meters, and in a number of instances readings have likewise been secured. In view of this I think
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) ) ) J ) ( are obtained at say, 75 millimeters mercurial pressure, would be obtained at 150 millimeters with an increased electrical pressure. Now, for the currents of an ordinary induction coil of
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146 ly unjust and is entirely unnecessary. After a number of years of effort in perfecting appliances and endeavoring to reach what seemed impossible, I have been led to recognize a most important
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) pressure. Now, I would emphatically point out that this is not so. To be sure there may be accidentally a similarity between the drawings shown in former records and those presented by me. So false
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148 even slightly conducting, as by heating it, for instance, the transmission by static induction ceases, since the storing of energy at the distant terminal through the medium of the intervening air
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( ( J ( ( infinitesimal amount of the total energy to a small terminal located at say, a distance of one hundred miles from the source of the disturbance. In my instance I expect that such energy
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150 become the high tension coils, the easier it is to obtain the great electromotive force and the more freely the currents pass through the air, as I have demonstrated a few years ago. In the
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30) C } J T ) J F J This is a fact greater freedom through properly adjusted coils. well-known, and made use of in every instance where it is practicable. I would resort to careful adjustment
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152 Room 91. In the matter of the application of Nikola Tesla, filed September 2, 1897, No. 650,343, Transmission of Electrical Energy. Hon. Commissioner of Patents, Sir:- New York, November 30, 1897
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[ 1 J JUJ 1L) (JGJ ) The assertion is made that no previously constructed ap para tus did or could produce currents that were practically available for the transmission of energy by conduction through
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154 the atmosphere will convey, but this is not a material consideration at the present moment. It is enough for present purposes that no one has produced currents that were capable of being conveyed
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Room No.91 Dict. A communications should be addressed to "The Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C." Nikola Tesla, 2-071 a. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE, C/o Kerr
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156 650, 343. Sheet 2. ble atmospheric strata will convey by conduction." The Examiner requires more proof of this assertion. He finds no proof thereof in the record of the case as it now stands. The
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JOLI LILL }() } [ JUJUILLILIGIJ 650,343. in order to fully appreciate the invention. Sheet 3. According to the applicant's letter it appears that he regards 8000 meters or nearly five miles as a
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158 650, 343. Sheet 4. and to any distance. This is necessary in order that applicant's difference over the references may be founded on more than a mere assertion on his part. On the other hand
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J13131313131361 Application of Nikola Tesla, No. 650,343, filed September 2, 1897. Transmission of Electrical Energy. Sir: Room 87. Hon. Commissioner of Patents, reasons: New York, November 11th, 1893
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160 Substitute Sub Speein Fr.27-97 Sub A To all whom it may concern:- Be it known that I, Nikola Tesla, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the County and State of New York, have
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1 by hundreds of thousands and even millions of volts, and in pursuing investigation with such apparatus I have discovered certain hitherto unknown but highly important and useful facts. Among these
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162 and to provide means for transforming and using the same. An apparatus by means of which this method of transmission may be effected is represented in the accompanying drawing which is a
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1113DDOJECT LI JEJU ter are arranged lamps L, motors M, or other devices for utilizing the current. The elevated terminal D' connects with the center of the coil A', and the other terminal of said
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164 in large measure, arbitrary, for if the potential be sufficiently high and the terminals of the coils be maintained at a proper elevation where the atmosphere is comparatively rarefied, the
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[ 1 E 1 } J ed in the transmission of electrical energy is one of true conduction and is not to be confounded with the phenomena of electrical radiation which have heretofore been observed. I do not
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166 Room 85. Sir: Application of Nikola Tesla, No. 650343, filed Sept. 2, 1897. Transmission of electrical energy. New York, November 25, 1899. Hon. Commissioner of patents In the matter of the
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11 ] I Sir: Room 85. Application of Nikola Tesla, No. 650,343, filed Sept. 2, 1897. Transmission of electrical energy. Hon. Commissioner of patents: $300 New York, November 25, 1899. In accordance
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168 Lub. جسد TO ALL TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: BE IT KNOWN that I, NIKOLA TESLA, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the County and State of New York, have invented certain new and
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T 1 J T 1 J 1 1 T 1 J T induction coil passes through only a part of the attenuated gas in the form of a luminous thread or arc, a still further and considerable diminution of the pressure being
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170 to a high temperature; Second, that the conductivity imparted to the air or gases increases very rapidly, both with the augmentation of the applied electrical pressure and with the degree of
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J J J J J ( ) T } } ( terminal above the ground, and, also, apparently, in a slight measure, with the degree of moisture contained in the air. I have likewise observed, that this region of decidedly
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172 As to the influence of rarefaction upon the electric conductivity imparted to the gases it is noteworthy that, whereas the atmospheric or other gases begin, ordinarily, to manifest this quality at
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E T 1 J 1 J T T 3 J T modes of transmission, it is useful to state that all previous efforts made by myself and others for transmitting electrical energy to a distance without the use of metallic
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174 practical advantage, that, whereas in all such methods or systems heretofore used or proposed but a minute fraction of the total energy expended by the generator or transmitter was recoverable in
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1. ( ) ) One terminal of the secondary A is at the center of the spiral coil, and from this terminal the current is led by a conductor B to a terminal D, preferably of large surface, formed or
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176 same which are liable to be approached, touched or handled, will be at or nearly the same potential as the adjacent portions of the ground, this insuring, both in the transmitting and receiving
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( 1 J J ( C 1 D wires, this condition should be complied with in order to attain the best results. As the main requirement in carrying out my invention is to produce currents of an excessively high
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178 four 1-6-1900 about two hundredths of a microfarad, and was charged from a generator of alternating currents of fifty thousand volts pressure and discharged, by means of a mechanically operated
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C C ( J ( J 1 T transmitting terminal. The primary and secondary circuits in the transmitting apparatus being carefully synchronized, an electromotive force from two to four million volts, and more
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180 the joint effect of the capacities and inductances in the synchronized circuits, which effect is enhanced by a high frequency and it will be obviously understood, that if the latter. be reduced, a
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r J t J ) J J J J height and, generally, they should always be, if practicable, at altitudes much greater than those of the highest objects near them, in order to avoid, as much as possible, the loss
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182 considerably reduced. Since by such means as have been described, practically any potential that is desired may be obtained, the currents through the air strata may be rendered very small, whereby
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( 1 ( Obviously also, certain features of my invention here. disclosed will be useful as disconnected from the method itself 12-30-993 as, for example, in other systems of energy transmission, for
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184 q WHAT I NOW CLAIM IS: 1: The method hereinbefore described of transmitting electrical energy through the natural media, which consists of producing at a generating station a very high electrical
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T T I { T q electrical energy through the natural media, which consists in producing between the earth and a generator terminal elevated above the same, at a generating station, a sufficiently high
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186 with the impulses. 7: The method hereinbefore described of transmitting. electrical energy through the natural media, which consists in producing between the earth and a generator terminal
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1 J F J 9: The method hereinbefore described of transmitting electrical energy through the natural media, which consists in generating current impulses of relatively low electro-motive force at a
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188 Room No. 85. All orications should be addespotis "The Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C." Nikola Tesla, % Kerr, -e-071 n. Any communication respecting this application should give the
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}) J J 1 J J T T J J 850,343,--2. invention and which, as above stated, was rendered possible only by the production of apparatus of a character radically new and different from my before known," et c
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190 -650,343,--3. It then appears that this case sets forth that applicant contemplates transmitting energy through a stratum of air above the surface by means of high potential currents, but it is
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t [ 850,343,--4. tension coil, what may be used for the source of current, and at what height the terminals may be placed in order that the systen may operate. If a suitable source of current is
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192 Room 85. In the matter of the application of Nikola Tesla, No. 650,343, filed September 2, 1897, Transmission of Electrical Energy. Hon. Commissioner of Patents, Sir:- New York, December 27, 1899
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T T 1 1 [ Room No...85. All omnications should be addresand to "Tae Commissioner of Patent Washington, D. C." Nikola Tesla, 2-0:1 All communistians respecting this application should give the serial
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194 Room 85. In the matter of the application of Nikola Tesla, No. 650,343, filed September 2, 1897, Transmission of Electrical Energy. Hon. Commissioner of Patents, Sir:- New York, January 4, 1900
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C ) 13 Room 85. In the matter of the application of Nikola Tesla, No. 650,343, filed September 2, 1897, Transmission of Electrical Energy. Hon. Commissioner of Patents, Sir:- New York, February 23
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196 cation. The purpose of the above amendment is merely to disclaim in the pres mt case not only the general form of transformer which has been made the subject of the patent of 1697, but also
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J ( 10 ( J₁ ) J) All commune nould be addressed to "The Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C." B.7.M In the matter of the Application of Nikola Tesla, System of Transmission of Electrical Energy
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